The California Elder Index measures the basic cost of living for older adults in California in housing, healthcare, food, transportation, and other miscellaneous expenses such as personal care, telephone, and household maintenance. 

On this page, access the data, publications, downloadable files, and methods for these measures. 

The basic cost of living for older adults includes expenses for housing, health care, food, transportation, and a modest amount for miscellaneous expenses such as personal care, telephone and household maintenance. 

The same expenses are considered for adult children and grandchildren including taxes that adult children pay and childcare expenses and tax credits adult children pay when a minor child is present in the home. 

Data for all family types listed below can be viewed in the Elder Index Dashboard or data for all counties can be downloaded using the links below each family type. The Elder Index dashboard is currently being updated. Contact Imelda Padilla-Frausto for details.

Older Adults Challenged Financially When Adult Children Move Home
February 2014 
Policy Brief
This policy brief looks at the financial burdens imposed on older Californians when adult children return home, often due to a crisis not of their own making, to live with their parents. The findings show that on average in California, the amount of money that older adults need in order to maintain a minimally decent standard of living while supporting one adult child in their home increases their expenses by a minimum of 50 percent. Low-income older adults are usually on fixed incomes, so helping an adult child can provide the child with a critical safety net but at the cost of the parents’ own financial well-being. 

Policy approaches to assisting this vulnerable population of older adults include implementing reforms to increase Supplemental Security Income (SSI), improving the availability of affordable housing, assuring that all eligible nonelderly adults obtain health insurance through health care reform’s expansion of Medi-Cal and subsidies, and increasing food assistance through SNAP and senior meal programs.

Read the related press release.
 

The High Cost of Caring: Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
June 2013
Policy Brief 
This policy brief documents that the actual income needed to support a basic standard of living for older adults with grandchildren in California is about twice the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), depending on the county. Using 200% FPL as an approximate measure, about two-fifths of older grandparents who are responsible for their grandchildren in the state do not have enough income to make ends meet. The Elder Economic Security Standard™ Index (Elder Index) for California calculates that the costs of housing, food, and the older adults' health care account for more than two-thirds of total household expenses for grandparents and the grandchildren they are raising.

Read the related press release.
 

The Federal Poverty Level Does Not Meet Data Needs of the California Legislature
May 2012
Policy Brief

This publication highlights results from a broad survey of the California legislature on the data and information they use to understand poverty in their districts and finds that most prefer data that is tailored to their local constituencies, and takes into account current costs for basic living expenses, rather than just income or spending patterns.

Read the related press release.
 

Older Adults Need Twice the Federal Poverty Level to Make Ends Meet in California
September 2010
Policy Brief

This policy brief uses the Elder Economic Security Standard™ Index (Elder Index) to show that both singles and couples age 65 or older who rent need more than twice the amount established by the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) Guideline to meet basic living expenses. 

See related data.


Half A Million Older Californians Living Alone Unable to Make Ends Meet
February 2009
Policy Brief

Using the Elder Economic Security Standard™ Index (Elder Index), the authors of this policy brief find that nearly half a million elders (495,000) living alone in California in 2007 could not make ends meet — lacking sufficient income to pay for a minimum level of housing, food, health care, transportation, and other basic expenses. The authors find particular cost inequities for elderly renters, for Latinos, women, and the very old and find the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) guidelines that many programs use as part of eligibility guidelines is inadequate to support the needs of many seniors in California.

Read the press release.
See related data:


Federal Poverty Guideline Underestimates Costs of Living for Older Persons in California
February 2008
Policy Brief

The federal poverty guideline, used to determine income eligibility for many public programs, covers less than half of the basic costs experienced by adults age 65 and older in the state. This report shows how the new Elder Economic Security Standard index (Elder Index) for California provides an empirically-based measure that more accurately reflects county-level costs faced by older adults in the state.

Read the press release.
See related data.
 

Older Adult is Head of Household:

Adult Child is Head of Household:

View the current methodology report used to calculate the 2011 Elder Index amounts for California 

Methodology Report June 2013
Elder Economic Security Standard Index for California, 2011


The Elder Economic Security Standard™ Index (Elder Index) is a measure of income adequacy for older adults. The Elder Index benchmarks basic costs of living for elder households. It illustrates how costs of living vary by county and are based on the characteristics of elder households: household size, homeownership type or renter and health status. The costs include housing, food, health care (based in part on the availability of Medicare Advantage plans in their county), transportation, and miscellaneous costs. The costs are for the basic needs of elder households; they are based on market costs and do not assume any subsidies. 
The Elder Index was originally developed by Wider Opportunities for Women in collaboration with the Gerontology Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston. After being launched in Massachusetts, the Insight Center for Community Economic Development in Oakland launched the Elder Index in California. They partnered with the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research to adapt the Elder Index for the circumstances in California and to calculate the Elder Index amounts and determine the number of older adults who fall below those amounts.   
The 2007 Elder Index was released in February 2008, with the data on the number of older Californians with incomes below the 2007 Elder Index released in February 2009. The 2009 Elder Index was released in September 2010. This current methodology report details the procedures used to calculate the 2011 Elder Index amounts for California. It continues to follow the national methodology, with sanctioned modifications that better represent California’s circumstances.

View Data Sources and Methodology.